1. The difference between hearing and listening is that hearing is simply filtering sounds in the peripheral awareness while only giving awareness to those sounds that we deem worthy of our attention like our name or a violent group fight outside your house. Listening is active and it is the effort to absorb and retain a sphere of audio. Listening is an intention which means the majority amount of choice is in our control. By simply engaging your curiosity or by being determined to listen, more retention is able to be attained. The more intense, the more retention. Perception can influence how we listen; if we were to perceive someone as lower status, we might not want to listen to them as much. If we have a bias towards a gender or certain races then we could also listen to them less or more. When it comes to structural features, I believe context and preference is key. Logistical elements such as temperature, volume of external noise, sitting positions, distracting smells and views can all affect listening.

2. Krukowski says we use hearing to map where we are in relation to where the sounds are coming from. However if your ears are covered in public, then you’ll be less aware of what entities could be nearby. Both him Krukowski and Schaefer discussed how if you own a space, you could dictate how people interact with it thus having some control over the auditory output in that space. Concert halls had microphones deliberately placed in areas where performers like the Rockettes would go about in order to deliberately amplify a small concentration of certain sounds for the entire auditorium.